women and coronary artery disease. part i: basic considerations
نویسندگان
چکیده
women die of cardiovascular disorders even more than a combination of breast cancer, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. recent data show that while 1 out of 2.6 women die of coronary artery disease (cad), only 1 out of 4.6 die from cancer. whereas some studies show an increase in the age-adjusted mortality of cad in both women and men, some other studies report an increase in mortality amongst young women. there is a significant decrease in sudden cardiac death in men without significant change in women, and more women die of cad before their arrival at the emergency room of hospitals than do men. it is, therefore, regrettable that many women and their physicians are not sufficiently aware of the problem and this unawareness is believed to be a major culprit for the existing gender disparities and inaction on the part of women as regards risk modification. what is more, the bulk of our knowledge, preventive measures, diagnostic strategies, and treatment plans are on the basis of studies conducted chiefly in men, when powerful evidence-based gender-specific recommendations call for efforts to enroll more women in order to reach a desirable level of sex representation. given the significance of cad assessment in women, it is essential that an acceptable risk score system be devised to estimate the risk of coronary events. the framingham risk score, which has been used for this purpose for a long time, is no longer suitable for women and the reynolds risk score seems to be a more appropriate tool. finally, from a pathophysiological point of view, endothelial and microvascular dysfunctions are the most salient contributors to the development of cad in women by comparison with men and they give rise to non-obstructive cad. lamentably, most of the relevant studies conducted hitherto have focused predominantly on men; any attempt to redress the balance would be of great value in the endeavors to decrease the risk in women.
منابع مشابه
Women and Coronary Artery Disease. Part I: Basic Considerations
Women die of cardiovascular disorders even more than a combination of breast cancer, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. Recent data show that while 1 out of 2.6 women die of coronary artery disease (CAD), only 1 out of 4.6 die from cancer. Whereas some studies show an increase in the age-adjusted mortality of CAD in both women and men, some other studies report an i...
متن کاملCoronary artery disease: anesthetic considerations.
Coronary circulation The left and right coronary arteries supply blood and nutriments to the entire heart. These arteries are the first branches of the aorta, originating at small orifices behind the flaps of the aortic valve. Coronary blood returns to the heart through the coronary veins or small thebesian veins in the myocardium.1 The left coronary artery has a short common stem (0.5-2 cm lon...
متن کامل[Coronary artery disease in women].
Data concerning coronary artery disease (CAD) refer to the recent clinical trials. They indicate that CAD is the most frequent cause of deaths of women over 50 years of age, and the dynamics of its development differs from that in male patients. The author discusses specificity of risk factors, effectiveness of various diagnostic methods, and different results of treatment of women with CAD (co...
متن کاملGenetic Polymorphisms of Estrogen Receptors in Iranian Women with Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease
Estrogen might play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus type 2. Estrogens inhibit diabetes via distinct mechanisms particularly by reducing both hyperglycemia and plasma insulin levels. Estrogen exerts its physiological effects mainly through estrogen receptors including α and β types. Estrogen receptors are found in many tissues that participate in the pathogenesis of ty...
متن کاملمنابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
the journal of tehran university heart centerجلد ۶، شماره ۳، صفحات ۱۰۹-۱۱۶
کلمات کلیدی
میزبانی شده توسط پلتفرم ابری doprax.com
copyright © 2015-2023